C/1991 F2 (Helin-Lawrence)

Metadata

Parameter Value
Designation C/1991 F2 (Helin-Lawrence)
Type C
Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) 1992-01-20T00:37:43.368960Z
Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) 2021-04-15T23:29:41Z
Obs used 108
NEO -
M1 9.100
K1 5.500
PC -
Osculating Elements
Parameter Value
Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) 1991-12-22.0000000
e 1.00042110
q (au) 1.517723
a (au) -3604.185791
i (deg) 95.456559
Ω (om, deg) 11.835020
ω (w, deg) 271.158650
M (ma, deg) -0.000132

Magnitude

C/1991 F2 (Helin-Lawrence) · Magnitude (Full range)

Scatter + Global Linear

$$ M_a = (9.280 + 2.000\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta $$ $$ \theta = 180^\circ - \alpha $$ $$ \Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b) $$ $$ \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1 $$

Model Parameters

Parameter Value
H0 9.280
n 2.000
gf 0.800
gb -0.500
k 0.848
δ90 1.000
Parameter Symbol Range Description
Absolute magnitude at 1 AU from Sun and Earth H0 -5 to 20 Intrinsic brightness of the comet
Photometric slope parameter n 2 to 6 Rate of brightness change with heliocentric distance
Forward scattering asymmetry factor gf 0.8 to 1 Degree of forward scattering
Backward scattering asymmetry factor gb -1 to -0.5 Degree of backward scattering
Partitioning coefficient k 0.8 to 1 Ratio between forward/backward scattering contributions
Dust-to-gas brightness ratio δ90 1 to 10 Relative contribution of dust scattering to gas emission

Reference: EPSC-DPS2025-160

Ephemeris

Date/Time (UTC) RA (J2000) Dec (J2000) Nearest HIP Dist from HIP (arcmin)
2026-06-01 00:00 20:38:10.15 +59:57:33.8 HIP 101973 20.24
2026-06-01 12:00 20:38:07.93 +59:57:58.1 HIP 101973 20.73
2026-06-02 00:00 20:38:05.68 +59:58:22.3 HIP 101973 21.22
2026-06-02 12:00 20:38:03.40 +59:58:46.2 HIP 101973 21.71
2026-06-03 00:00 20:38:01.09 +59:59:10.1 HIP 101973 22.19
2026-06-03 12:00 20:37:58.76 +59:59:33.7 HIP 101973 22.68
2026-06-04 00:00 20:37:56.39 +59:59:57.3 HIP 101973 23.17
2026-06-04 12:00 20:37:54.00 +60:00:20.6 HIP 101973 23.67
2026-06-05 00:00 20:37:51.58 +60:00:43.8 HIP 101973 24.16
2026-06-05 12:00 20:37:49.14 +60:01:06.9 HIP 101973 24.65
2026-06-06 00:00 20:37:46.66 +60:01:29.7 HIP 101973 25.14
2026-06-06 12:00 20:37:44.16 +60:01:52.4 HIP 101973 25.63
2026-06-07 00:00 20:37:41.64 +60:02:15.0 HIP 101973 26.12
2026-06-07 12:00 20:37:39.08 +60:02:37.4 HIP 101973 26.61
2026-06-08 00:00 20:37:36.50 +60:02:59.6 HIP 101973 27.10
2026-06-08 12:00 20:37:33.90 +60:03:21.6 HIP 101973 27.59
2026-06-09 00:00 20:37:31.26 +60:03:43.5 HIP 101973 28.08
2026-06-09 12:00 20:37:28.61 +60:04:05.2 HIP 101973 28.57
2026-06-10 00:00 20:37:25.92 +60:04:26.7 HIP 101973 29.06
2026-06-10 12:00 20:37:23.21 +60:04:48.0 HIP 101973 29.55
2026-06-11 00:00 20:37:20.47 +60:05:09.2 HIP 101973 30.04
2026-06-11 12:00 20:37:17.71 +60:05:30.1 HIP 101973 30.53
2026-06-12 00:00 20:37:14.92 +60:05:50.9 HIP 101973 31.02
2026-06-12 12:00 20:37:12.11 +60:06:11.5 HIP 101973 31.51
2026-06-13 00:00 20:37:09.27 +60:06:31.9 HIP 101973 32.00
2026-06-13 12:00 20:37:06.41 +60:06:52.2 HIP 101973 32.48
2026-06-14 00:00 20:37:03.52 +60:07:12.2 HIP 101973 32.97
2026-06-14 12:00 20:37:00.61 +60:07:32.1 HIP 102011 33.38
2026-06-15 00:00 20:36:57.68 +60:07:51.7 HIP 102011 33.42
2026-06-15 12:00 20:36:54.72 +60:08:11.2 HIP 102011 33.48
2026-06-16 00:00 20:36:51.74 +60:08:30.4 HIP 102011 33.55
2026-06-16 12:00 20:36:48.73 +60:08:49.5 HIP 102011 33.63
2026-06-17 00:00 20:36:45.70 +60:09:08.4 HIP 102011 33.72
2026-06-17 12:00 20:36:42.65 +60:09:27.0 HIP 102011 33.82
2026-06-18 00:00 20:36:39.58 +60:09:45.5 HIP 102011 33.93
2026-06-18 12:00 20:36:36.48 +60:10:03.7 HIP 102011 34.05
2026-06-19 00:00 20:36:33.36 +60:10:21.8 HIP 102011 34.18
2026-06-19 12:00 20:36:30.22 +60:10:39.6 HIP 102011 34.33
2026-06-20 00:00 20:36:27.06 +60:10:57.3 HIP 102011 34.48
2026-06-20 12:00 20:36:23.87 +60:11:14.7 HIP 101294 34.54
2026-06-21 00:00 20:36:20.66 +60:11:31.9 HIP 101294 34.22
2026-06-21 12:00 20:36:17.44 +60:11:48.9 HIP 101294 33.89
2026-06-22 00:00 20:36:14.19 +60:12:05.7 HIP 101294 33.56