C/2011 F1 (LINEAR)

Metadata

Parameter Value
Designation C/2011 F1 (LINEAR)
Type C
Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) 2013-01-08T00:51:50.987520Z
Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) 2021-04-15T23:31:49Z
Obs used 4591
NEO -
M1 10.300
K1 4.500
PC -
Osculating Elements
Parameter Value
Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) 2012-03-17.0000000
e 1.00004254
q (au) 1.818879
a (au) -42756.084905
i (deg) 56.610768
Ω (om, deg) 85.118907
ω (w, deg) 192.564919
M (ma, deg) -0.000033

Magnitude

C/2011 F1 (LINEAR) · Magnitude (Full range)

Scatter + Global Linear

$$ M_a = (12.403 + 2.000\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta $$ $$ \theta = 180^\circ - \alpha $$ $$ \Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b) $$ $$ \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1 $$

Model Parameters

Parameter Value
H0 12.403
n 2.000
gf 1.000
gb -0.769
k 0.800
δ90 10.000
Parameter Symbol Range Description
Absolute magnitude at 1 AU from Sun and Earth H0 -5 to 20 Intrinsic brightness of the comet
Photometric slope parameter n 2 to 6 Rate of brightness change with heliocentric distance
Forward scattering asymmetry factor gf 0.8 to 1 Degree of forward scattering
Backward scattering asymmetry factor gb -1 to -0.5 Degree of backward scattering
Partitioning coefficient k 0.8 to 1 Ratio between forward/backward scattering contributions
Dust-to-gas brightness ratio δ90 1 to 10 Relative contribution of dust scattering to gas emission

Reference: EPSC-DPS2025-160

Residuals (Piecewise)

$$\epsilon = a \log_{10} r_{\mathrm{au}} + b$$

Start (UTC) End (UTC) a b
2011-03-17 2012-11-04 +1.2116 -0.969
2013-03-19 2014-08-07 +5.4983 -0.920

log10 r = log10(heliocentric distance / AU), Δ = geocentric distance (AU)

Ephemeris

Date/Time (UTC) RA (J2000) Dec (J2000) Nearest HIP Dist from HIP (arcmin)
2026-09-20 00:00 05:13:23.24 +09:50:21.6 HIP 24177 32.67
2026-09-20 12:00 05:13:22.74 +09:50:11.0 HIP 24177 32.66
2026-09-21 00:00 05:13:22.21 +09:50:00.3 HIP 24177 32.64
2026-09-21 12:00 05:13:21.65 +09:49:49.6 HIP 24177 32.62
2026-09-22 00:00 05:13:21.05 +09:49:38.9 HIP 24177 32.59
2026-09-22 12:00 05:13:20.42 +09:49:28.2 HIP 24177 32.56
2026-09-23 00:00 05:13:19.76 +09:49:17.4 HIP 24177 32.52
2026-09-23 12:00 05:13:19.06 +09:49:06.6 HIP 24177 32.48
2026-09-24 00:00 05:13:18.33 +09:48:55.8 HIP 24177 32.43
2026-09-24 12:00 05:13:17.56 +09:48:45.0 HIP 24177 32.38
2026-09-25 00:00 05:13:16.76 +09:48:34.2 HIP 24177 32.32
2026-09-25 12:00 05:13:15.93 +09:48:23.3 HIP 24177 32.26
2026-09-26 00:00 05:13:15.07 +09:48:12.5 HIP 24177 32.20
2026-09-26 12:00 05:13:14.17 +09:48:01.6 HIP 24177 32.13
2026-09-27 00:00 05:13:13.24 +09:47:50.7 HIP 24177 32.05
2026-09-27 12:00 05:13:12.28 +09:47:39.7 HIP 24177 31.98
2026-09-28 00:00 05:13:11.28 +09:47:28.8 HIP 24177 31.90
2026-09-28 12:00 05:13:10.26 +09:47:17.9 HIP 24177 31.81
2026-09-29 00:00 05:13:09.19 +09:47:06.9 HIP 24177 31.73
2026-09-29 12:00 05:13:08.10 +09:46:56.0 HIP 24177 31.64
2026-09-30 00:00 05:13:06.97 +09:46:45.0 HIP 24177 31.54
2026-09-30 12:00 05:13:05.81 +09:46:34.0 HIP 24177 31.45
2026-10-01 00:00 05:13:04.62 +09:46:23.0 HIP 24177 31.35
2026-10-01 12:00 05:13:03.39 +09:46:12.0 HIP 24177 31.25
2026-10-02 00:00 05:13:02.14 +09:46:01.0 HIP 24177 31.15
2026-10-02 12:00 05:13:00.84 +09:45:50.0 HIP 24177 31.04
2026-10-03 00:00 05:12:59.52 +09:45:39.0 HIP 24177 30.94
2026-10-03 12:00 05:12:58.17 +09:45:27.9 HIP 24177 30.83
2026-10-04 00:00 05:12:56.78 +09:45:16.9 HIP 24177 30.72
2026-10-04 12:00 05:12:55.36 +09:45:05.9 HIP 24177 30.61
2026-10-05 00:00 05:12:53.90 +09:44:54.9 HIP 24177 30.50
2026-10-05 12:00 05:12:52.42 +09:44:43.9 HIP 24177 30.39
2026-10-06 00:00 05:12:50.90 +09:44:32.9 HIP 24177 30.27
2026-10-06 12:00 05:12:49.35 +09:44:21.8 HIP 24177 30.16
2026-10-07 00:00 05:12:47.77 +09:44:10.8 HIP 24177 30.05
2026-10-07 12:00 05:12:46.16 +09:43:59.8 HIP 24177 29.94
2026-10-08 00:00 05:12:44.51 +09:43:48.9 HIP 24177 29.83
2026-10-08 12:00 05:12:42.83 +09:43:37.9 HIP 24177 29.73
2026-10-09 00:00 05:12:41.13 +09:43:26.9 HIP 24177 29.62
2026-10-09 12:00 05:12:39.39 +09:43:15.9 HIP 24177 29.52
2026-10-10 00:00 05:12:37.61 +09:43:05.0 HIP 24177 29.42
2026-10-10 12:00 05:12:35.81 +09:42:54.0 HIP 24177 29.32
2026-10-11 00:00 05:12:33.98 +09:42:43.1 HIP 24177 29.22