| Parameter |
Value |
| Designation |
C/2012 Q1 (Kowalski) |
| Type |
C |
| Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) |
2012-02-09T09:27:09.711360Z |
| Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) |
2021-04-15T23:32:20Z |
| Obs used |
196 |
| NEO |
- |
| M1 |
6.600 |
| K1 |
8.250 |
| PC |
0.030 |
Osculating Elements
| Parameter |
Value |
| Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) |
2013-01-30.0000000 |
| e |
0.63712480 |
| q (au) |
9.482233 |
| a (au) |
26.130838 |
| i (deg) |
45.182651 |
| Ω (om, deg) |
184.437292 |
| ω (w, deg) |
139.242426 |
| M (ma, deg) |
2.623876 |
Magnitude
Scatter + Global Linear
$$
M_a = (-1.359 + 6.000\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta
$$
$$
\theta = 180^\circ - \alpha
$$
$$
\Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b)
$$
$$
\Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1
$$
Model Parameters
| Parameter |
Value |
| H0 |
-1.359 |
| n |
6.000 |
| gf |
0.997 |
| gb |
-0.801 |
| k |
1.000 |
| δ90 |
10.000 |
| Parameter |
Symbol |
Range |
Description |
| Absolute magnitude at 1 AU from Sun and Earth |
H0 |
-5 to 20 |
Intrinsic brightness of the comet |
| Photometric slope parameter |
n |
2 to 6 |
Rate of brightness change with heliocentric distance |
| Forward scattering asymmetry factor |
gf |
0.8 to 1 |
Degree of forward scattering |
| Backward scattering asymmetry factor |
gb |
-1 to -0.5 |
Degree of backward scattering |
| Partitioning coefficient |
k |
0.8 to 1 |
Ratio between forward/backward scattering contributions |
| Dust-to-gas brightness ratio |
δ90 |
1 to 10 |
Relative contribution of dust scattering to gas emission |
Reference: EPSC-DPS2025-160
Ephemeris
| Date/Time (UTC) |
RA (J2000) |
Dec (J2000) |
Nearest HIP |
Dist from HIP (arcmin) |
| 2026-07-29 00:00 |
05:18:43.36 |
-19:11:17.2 |
HIP 24683 |
22.25 |
| 2026-07-29 12:00 |
05:18:48.26 |
-19:11:54.4 |
HIP 24683 |
22.57 |
| 2026-07-30 00:00 |
05:18:53.13 |
-19:12:32.0 |
HIP 24683 |
22.96 |
| 2026-07-30 12:00 |
05:18:57.97 |
-19:13:10.0 |
HIP 24683 |
23.40 |
| 2026-07-31 00:00 |
05:19:02.78 |
-19:13:48.2 |
HIP 24932 |
23.11 |
| 2026-07-31 12:00 |
05:19:07.55 |
-19:14:26.8 |
HIP 24932 |
21.81 |
| 2026-08-01 00:00 |
05:19:12.30 |
-19:15:05.8 |
HIP 24932 |
20.52 |
| 2026-08-01 12:00 |
05:19:17.01 |
-19:15:45.1 |
HIP 24932 |
19.23 |
| 2026-08-02 00:00 |
05:19:21.69 |
-19:16:24.7 |
HIP 24932 |
17.95 |
| 2026-08-02 12:00 |
05:19:26.33 |
-19:17:04.6 |
HIP 24932 |
16.68 |
| 2026-08-03 00:00 |
05:19:30.94 |
-19:17:44.9 |
HIP 24932 |
15.41 |
| 2026-08-03 12:00 |
05:19:35.52 |
-19:18:25.5 |
HIP 24932 |
14.14 |
| 2026-08-04 00:00 |
05:19:40.07 |
-19:19:06.5 |
HIP 24932 |
12.88 |
| 2026-08-04 12:00 |
05:19:44.58 |
-19:19:47.7 |
HIP 24932 |
11.64 |
| 2026-08-05 00:00 |
05:19:49.05 |
-19:20:29.3 |
HIP 24932 |
10.40 |
| 2026-08-05 12:00 |
05:19:53.49 |
-19:21:11.2 |
HIP 24932 |
9.17 |
| 2026-08-06 00:00 |
05:19:57.90 |
-19:21:53.4 |
HIP 24932 |
7.97 |
| 2026-08-06 12:00 |
05:20:02.27 |
-19:22:35.9 |
HIP 24932 |
6.78 |
| 2026-08-07 00:00 |
05:20:06.60 |
-19:23:18.8 |
HIP 24932 |
5.63 |
| 2026-08-07 12:00 |
05:20:10.90 |
-19:24:01.9 |
HIP 24932 |
4.55 |
| 2026-08-08 00:00 |
05:20:15.16 |
-19:24:45.4 |
HIP 24932 |
3.58 |
| 2026-08-08 12:00 |
05:20:19.39 |
-19:25:29.2 |
HIP 24932 |
2.83 |
| 2026-08-09 00:00 |
05:20:23.58 |
-19:26:13.2 |
HIP 24932 |
2.52 |
| 2026-08-09 12:00 |
05:20:27.73 |
-19:26:57.6 |
HIP 24932 |
2.78 |
| 2026-08-10 00:00 |
05:20:31.85 |
-19:27:42.3 |
HIP 24932 |
3.48 |
| 2026-08-10 12:00 |
05:20:35.93 |
-19:28:27.3 |
HIP 24932 |
4.43 |
| 2026-08-11 00:00 |
05:20:39.97 |
-19:29:12.6 |
HIP 24932 |
5.48 |
| 2026-08-11 12:00 |
05:20:43.97 |
-19:29:58.1 |
HIP 24932 |
6.59 |
| 2026-08-12 00:00 |
05:20:47.93 |
-19:30:44.0 |
HIP 24932 |
7.72 |
| 2026-08-12 12:00 |
05:20:51.86 |
-19:31:30.1 |
HIP 24932 |
8.88 |
| 2026-08-13 00:00 |
05:20:55.74 |
-19:32:16.5 |
HIP 24975 |
8.97 |
| 2026-08-13 12:00 |
05:20:59.59 |
-19:33:03.2 |
HIP 24975 |
8.25 |
| 2026-08-14 00:00 |
05:21:03.40 |
-19:33:50.2 |
HIP 24975 |
7.64 |
| 2026-08-14 12:00 |
05:21:07.17 |
-19:34:37.5 |
HIP 24975 |
7.17 |
| 2026-08-15 00:00 |
05:21:10.90 |
-19:35:25.0 |
HIP 24975 |
6.87 |
| 2026-08-15 12:00 |
05:21:14.59 |
-19:36:12.8 |
HIP 24975 |
6.75 |
| 2026-08-16 00:00 |
05:21:18.23 |
-19:37:00.9 |
HIP 24975 |
6.83 |
| 2026-08-16 12:00 |
05:21:21.84 |
-19:37:49.2 |
HIP 24975 |
7.09 |
| 2026-08-17 00:00 |
05:21:25.41 |
-19:38:37.8 |
HIP 24975 |
7.52 |
| 2026-08-17 12:00 |
05:21:28.94 |
-19:39:26.6 |
HIP 24975 |
8.08 |
| 2026-08-18 00:00 |
05:21:32.42 |
-19:40:15.7 |
HIP 24975 |
8.75 |
| 2026-08-18 12:00 |
05:21:35.87 |
-19:41:05.0 |
HIP 24975 |
9.51 |
| 2026-08-19 00:00 |
05:21:39.27 |
-19:41:54.6 |
HIP 24975 |
10.33 |