| Parameter |
Value |
| Designation |
C/2012 Q1 (Kowalski) |
| Type |
C |
| Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) |
2012-02-09T09:27:09.711360Z |
| Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) |
2021-04-15T23:32:20Z |
| Obs used |
196 |
| NEO |
- |
| M1 |
6.600 |
| K1 |
8.250 |
| PC |
0.030 |
Osculating Elements
| Parameter |
Value |
| Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) |
2013-01-30.0000000 |
| e |
0.63712480 |
| q (au) |
9.482233 |
| a (au) |
26.130838 |
| i (deg) |
45.182651 |
| Ω (om, deg) |
184.437292 |
| ω (w, deg) |
139.242426 |
| M (ma, deg) |
2.623876 |
Magnitude
Scatter + Global Linear
$$
M_a = (-1.359 + 6.000\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta
$$
$$
\theta = 180^\circ - \alpha
$$
$$
\Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b)
$$
$$
\Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1
$$
Model Parameters
| Parameter |
Value |
| H0 |
-1.359 |
| n |
6.000 |
| gf |
0.997 |
| gb |
-0.801 |
| k |
1.000 |
| δ90 |
10.000 |
| Parameter |
Symbol |
Range |
Description |
| Absolute magnitude at 1 AU from Sun and Earth |
H0 |
-5 to 20 |
Intrinsic brightness of the comet |
| Photometric slope parameter |
n |
2 to 6 |
Rate of brightness change with heliocentric distance |
| Forward scattering asymmetry factor |
gf |
0.8 to 1 |
Degree of forward scattering |
| Backward scattering asymmetry factor |
gb |
-1 to -0.5 |
Degree of backward scattering |
| Partitioning coefficient |
k |
0.8 to 1 |
Ratio between forward/backward scattering contributions |
| Dust-to-gas brightness ratio |
δ90 |
1 to 10 |
Relative contribution of dust scattering to gas emission |
Reference: EPSC-DPS2025-160
Ephemeris
| Date/Time (UTC) |
RA (J2000) |
Dec (J2000) |
Nearest HIP |
Dist from HIP (arcmin) |
| 2026-09-20 00:00 |
05:23:43.62 |
-20:40:55.0 |
HIP 25243 |
3.46 |
| 2026-09-20 12:00 |
05:23:44.01 |
-20:41:53.4 |
HIP 25243 |
2.68 |
| 2026-09-21 00:00 |
05:23:44.35 |
-20:42:51.9 |
HIP 25243 |
2.09 |
| 2026-09-21 12:00 |
05:23:44.64 |
-20:43:50.4 |
HIP 25243 |
1.87 |
| 2026-09-22 00:00 |
05:23:44.88 |
-20:44:48.9 |
HIP 25243 |
2.14 |
| 2026-09-22 12:00 |
05:23:45.08 |
-20:45:47.3 |
HIP 25243 |
2.76 |
| 2026-09-23 00:00 |
05:23:45.22 |
-20:46:45.8 |
HIP 25243 |
3.55 |
| 2026-09-23 12:00 |
05:23:45.31 |
-20:47:44.3 |
HIP 25243 |
4.42 |
| 2026-09-24 00:00 |
05:23:45.36 |
-20:48:42.7 |
HIP 25243 |
5.32 |
| 2026-09-24 12:00 |
05:23:45.35 |
-20:49:41.1 |
HIP 25243 |
6.26 |
| 2026-09-25 00:00 |
05:23:45.30 |
-20:50:39.5 |
HIP 25243 |
7.20 |
| 2026-09-25 12:00 |
05:23:45.20 |
-20:51:37.9 |
HIP 25243 |
8.15 |
| 2026-09-26 00:00 |
05:23:45.04 |
-20:52:36.2 |
HIP 25243 |
9.11 |
| 2026-09-26 12:00 |
05:23:44.84 |
-20:53:34.5 |
HIP 25243 |
10.08 |
| 2026-09-27 00:00 |
05:23:44.59 |
-20:54:32.8 |
HIP 25243 |
11.04 |
| 2026-09-27 12:00 |
05:23:44.29 |
-20:55:31.0 |
HIP 25243 |
12.01 |
| 2026-09-28 00:00 |
05:23:43.94 |
-20:56:29.2 |
HIP 25243 |
12.98 |
| 2026-09-28 12:00 |
05:23:43.55 |
-20:57:27.3 |
HIP 25272 |
12.47 |
| 2026-09-29 00:00 |
05:23:43.10 |
-20:58:25.4 |
HIP 25272 |
11.79 |
| 2026-09-29 12:00 |
05:23:42.60 |
-20:59:23.4 |
HIP 25272 |
11.16 |
| 2026-09-30 00:00 |
05:23:42.06 |
-21:00:21.3 |
HIP 25272 |
10.59 |
| 2026-09-30 12:00 |
05:23:41.47 |
-21:01:19.2 |
HIP 25272 |
10.10 |
| 2026-10-01 00:00 |
05:23:40.82 |
-21:02:17.0 |
HIP 25272 |
9.68 |
| 2026-10-01 12:00 |
05:23:40.13 |
-21:03:14.7 |
HIP 25272 |
9.36 |
| 2026-10-02 00:00 |
05:23:39.39 |
-21:04:12.3 |
HIP 25272 |
9.15 |
| 2026-10-02 12:00 |
05:23:38.60 |
-21:05:09.9 |
HIP 25272 |
9.05 |
| 2026-10-03 00:00 |
05:23:37.76 |
-21:06:07.3 |
HIP 25272 |
9.07 |
| 2026-10-03 12:00 |
05:23:36.88 |
-21:07:04.7 |
HIP 25272 |
9.20 |
| 2026-10-04 00:00 |
05:23:35.94 |
-21:08:02.0 |
HIP 25272 |
9.44 |
| 2026-10-04 12:00 |
05:23:34.96 |
-21:08:59.1 |
HIP 25272 |
9.79 |
| 2026-10-05 00:00 |
05:23:33.92 |
-21:09:56.2 |
HIP 25272 |
10.22 |
| 2026-10-05 12:00 |
05:23:32.84 |
-21:10:53.1 |
HIP 25272 |
10.75 |
| 2026-10-06 00:00 |
05:23:31.71 |
-21:11:49.9 |
HIP 25272 |
11.34 |
| 2026-10-06 12:00 |
05:23:30.53 |
-21:12:46.6 |
HIP 25272 |
11.99 |
| 2026-10-07 00:00 |
05:23:29.31 |
-21:13:43.2 |
HIP 25272 |
12.69 |
| 2026-10-07 12:00 |
05:23:28.03 |
-21:14:39.7 |
HIP 25272 |
13.44 |
| 2026-10-08 00:00 |
05:23:26.71 |
-21:15:36.0 |
HIP 25272 |
14.23 |
| 2026-10-08 12:00 |
05:23:25.34 |
-21:16:32.1 |
HIP 25272 |
15.04 |
| 2026-10-09 00:00 |
05:23:23.92 |
-21:17:28.1 |
HIP 25272 |
15.88 |
| 2026-10-09 12:00 |
05:23:22.45 |
-21:18:24.0 |
HIP 25272 |
16.75 |
| 2026-10-10 00:00 |
05:23:20.93 |
-21:19:19.7 |
HIP 25272 |
17.63 |
| 2026-10-10 12:00 |
05:23:19.37 |
-21:20:15.3 |
HIP 25272 |
18.54 |
| 2026-10-11 00:00 |
05:23:17.76 |
-21:21:10.7 |
HIP 25272 |
19.45 |