| Parameter |
Value |
| Designation |
C/2015 D5 (Kowalski) |
| Type |
C |
| Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) |
2014-04-17T01:46:07.006080Z |
| Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) |
2021-04-15T23:33:07Z |
| Obs used |
114 |
| NEO |
- |
| M1 |
13.400 |
| K1 |
4.500 |
| PC |
- |
Osculating Elements
| Parameter |
Value |
| Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) |
2015-03-06.0000000 |
| e |
0.49964849 |
| q (au) |
4.577343 |
| a (au) |
9.148254 |
| i (deg) |
20.399803 |
| Ω (om, deg) |
74.578267 |
| ω (w, deg) |
40.175332 |
| M (ma, deg) |
11.502709 |
Magnitude
Scatter + Global Linear
$$
M_a = (12.402 + 2.000\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta
$$
$$
\theta = 180^\circ - \alpha
$$
$$
\Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b)
$$
$$
\Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1
$$
Model Parameters
| Parameter |
Value |
| H0 |
12.402 |
| n |
2.000 |
| gf |
0.997 |
| gb |
-1.000 |
| k |
1.000 |
| δ90 |
9.999 |
| Parameter |
Symbol |
Range |
Description |
| Absolute magnitude at 1 AU from Sun and Earth |
H0 |
-5 to 20 |
Intrinsic brightness of the comet |
| Photometric slope parameter |
n |
2 to 6 |
Rate of brightness change with heliocentric distance |
| Forward scattering asymmetry factor |
gf |
0.8 to 1 |
Degree of forward scattering |
| Backward scattering asymmetry factor |
gb |
-1 to -0.5 |
Degree of backward scattering |
| Partitioning coefficient |
k |
0.8 to 1 |
Ratio between forward/backward scattering contributions |
| Dust-to-gas brightness ratio |
δ90 |
1 to 10 |
Relative contribution of dust scattering to gas emission |
Reference: EPSC-DPS2025-160
Ephemeris
| Date/Time (UTC) |
RA (J2000) |
Dec (J2000) |
Nearest HIP |
Dist from HIP (arcmin) |
| 2026-09-20 00:00 |
19:01:10.94 |
-34:34:21.9 |
HIP 93412 |
12.33 |
| 2026-09-20 12:00 |
19:01:10.01 |
-34:34:04.3 |
HIP 93412 |
12.11 |
| 2026-09-21 00:00 |
19:01:09.17 |
-34:33:46.7 |
HIP 93412 |
11.89 |
| 2026-09-21 12:00 |
19:01:08.42 |
-34:33:28.8 |
HIP 93412 |
11.67 |
| 2026-09-22 00:00 |
19:01:07.77 |
-34:33:10.8 |
HIP 93412 |
11.44 |
| 2026-09-22 12:00 |
19:01:07.20 |
-34:32:52.7 |
HIP 93412 |
11.20 |
| 2026-09-23 00:00 |
19:01:06.73 |
-34:32:34.4 |
HIP 93412 |
10.96 |
| 2026-09-23 12:00 |
19:01:06.35 |
-34:32:15.9 |
HIP 93412 |
10.72 |
| 2026-09-24 00:00 |
19:01:06.06 |
-34:31:57.3 |
HIP 93412 |
10.46 |
| 2026-09-24 12:00 |
19:01:05.85 |
-34:31:38.6 |
HIP 93412 |
10.20 |
| 2026-09-25 00:00 |
19:01:05.74 |
-34:31:19.7 |
HIP 93412 |
9.94 |
| 2026-09-25 12:00 |
19:01:05.72 |
-34:31:00.6 |
HIP 93412 |
9.66 |
| 2026-09-26 00:00 |
19:01:05.79 |
-34:30:41.5 |
HIP 93412 |
9.38 |
| 2026-09-26 12:00 |
19:01:05.96 |
-34:30:22.1 |
HIP 93412 |
9.08 |
| 2026-09-27 00:00 |
19:01:06.21 |
-34:30:02.7 |
HIP 93412 |
8.78 |
| 2026-09-27 12:00 |
19:01:06.55 |
-34:29:43.1 |
HIP 93412 |
8.47 |
| 2026-09-28 00:00 |
19:01:06.99 |
-34:29:23.4 |
HIP 93412 |
8.14 |
| 2026-09-28 12:00 |
19:01:07.51 |
-34:29:03.5 |
HIP 93412 |
7.81 |
| 2026-09-29 00:00 |
19:01:08.13 |
-34:28:43.6 |
HIP 93412 |
7.46 |
| 2026-09-29 12:00 |
19:01:08.83 |
-34:28:23.5 |
HIP 93412 |
7.10 |
| 2026-09-30 00:00 |
19:01:09.63 |
-34:28:03.2 |
HIP 93412 |
6.73 |
| 2026-09-30 12:00 |
19:01:10.51 |
-34:27:42.9 |
HIP 93412 |
6.35 |
| 2026-10-01 00:00 |
19:01:11.49 |
-34:27:22.4 |
HIP 93412 |
5.96 |
| 2026-10-01 12:00 |
19:01:12.56 |
-34:27:01.8 |
HIP 93412 |
5.55 |
| 2026-10-02 00:00 |
19:01:13.72 |
-34:26:41.1 |
HIP 93412 |
5.13 |
| 2026-10-02 12:00 |
19:01:14.96 |
-34:26:20.3 |
HIP 93412 |
4.70 |
| 2026-10-03 00:00 |
19:01:16.30 |
-34:25:59.4 |
HIP 93412 |
4.25 |
| 2026-10-03 12:00 |
19:01:17.73 |
-34:25:38.3 |
HIP 93412 |
3.80 |
| 2026-10-04 00:00 |
19:01:19.25 |
-34:25:17.2 |
HIP 93412 |
3.33 |
| 2026-10-04 12:00 |
19:01:20.86 |
-34:24:55.9 |
HIP 93412 |
2.84 |
| 2026-10-05 00:00 |
19:01:22.56 |
-34:24:34.5 |
HIP 93412 |
2.35 |
| 2026-10-05 12:00 |
19:01:24.35 |
-34:24:13.0 |
HIP 93412 |
1.86 |
| 2026-10-06 00:00 |
19:01:26.23 |
-34:23:51.4 |
HIP 93412 |
1.37 |
| 2026-10-06 12:00 |
19:01:28.20 |
-34:23:29.8 |
HIP 93412 |
0.92 |
| 2026-10-07 00:00 |
19:01:30.26 |
-34:23:08.0 |
HIP 93412 |
0.64 |
| 2026-10-07 12:00 |
19:01:32.41 |
-34:22:46.1 |
HIP 93412 |
0.79 |
| 2026-10-08 00:00 |
19:01:34.65 |
-34:22:24.1 |
HIP 93412 |
1.25 |
| 2026-10-08 12:00 |
19:01:36.98 |
-34:22:02.0 |
HIP 93412 |
1.80 |
| 2026-10-09 00:00 |
19:01:39.40 |
-34:21:39.9 |
HIP 93412 |
2.40 |
| 2026-10-09 12:00 |
19:01:41.90 |
-34:21:17.6 |
HIP 93412 |
3.02 |
| 2026-10-10 00:00 |
19:01:44.50 |
-34:20:55.3 |
HIP 93412 |
3.67 |
| 2026-10-10 12:00 |
19:01:47.19 |
-34:20:32.8 |
HIP 93412 |
4.33 |
| 2026-10-11 00:00 |
19:01:49.96 |
-34:20:10.3 |
HIP 93412 |
5.01 |