| Parameter |
Value |
| Designation |
C/2015 D5 (Kowalski) |
| Type |
C |
| Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) |
2014-04-17T01:46:07.006080Z |
| Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) |
2021-04-15T23:33:07Z |
| Obs used |
114 |
| NEO |
- |
| M1 |
13.400 |
| K1 |
4.500 |
| PC |
- |
Osculating Elements
| Parameter |
Value |
| Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) |
2015-03-06.0000000 |
| e |
0.49964849 |
| q (au) |
4.577343 |
| a (au) |
9.148254 |
| i (deg) |
20.399803 |
| Ω (om, deg) |
74.578267 |
| ω (w, deg) |
40.175332 |
| M (ma, deg) |
11.502709 |
Magnitude
Scatter + Global Linear
$$
M_a = (12.402 + 2.000\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta
$$
$$
\theta = 180^\circ - \alpha
$$
$$
\Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b)
$$
$$
\Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1
$$
Model Parameters
| Parameter |
Value |
| H0 |
12.402 |
| n |
2.000 |
| gf |
0.997 |
| gb |
-1.000 |
| k |
1.000 |
| δ90 |
9.999 |
| Parameter |
Symbol |
Range |
Description |
| Absolute magnitude at 1 AU from Sun and Earth |
H0 |
-5 to 20 |
Intrinsic brightness of the comet |
| Photometric slope parameter |
n |
2 to 6 |
Rate of brightness change with heliocentric distance |
| Forward scattering asymmetry factor |
gf |
0.8 to 1 |
Degree of forward scattering |
| Backward scattering asymmetry factor |
gb |
-1 to -0.5 |
Degree of backward scattering |
| Partitioning coefficient |
k |
0.8 to 1 |
Ratio between forward/backward scattering contributions |
| Dust-to-gas brightness ratio |
δ90 |
1 to 10 |
Relative contribution of dust scattering to gas emission |
Reference: EPSC-DPS2025-160
Ephemeris
| Date/Time (UTC) |
RA (J2000) |
Dec (J2000) |
Nearest HIP |
Dist from HIP (arcmin) |
| 2026-07-29 00:00 |
19:10:24.14 |
-34:43:06.1 |
HIP 94138 |
13.73 |
| 2026-07-29 12:00 |
19:10:15.69 |
-34:43:16.6 |
HIP 94138 |
12.66 |
| 2026-07-30 00:00 |
19:10:07.27 |
-34:43:26.7 |
HIP 94138 |
11.76 |
| 2026-07-30 12:00 |
19:09:58.89 |
-34:43:36.5 |
HIP 94138 |
11.07 |
| 2026-07-31 00:00 |
19:09:50.55 |
-34:43:46.0 |
HIP 94138 |
10.62 |
| 2026-07-31 12:00 |
19:09:42.25 |
-34:43:55.1 |
HIP 94138 |
10.45 |
| 2026-08-01 00:00 |
19:09:33.99 |
-34:44:03.9 |
HIP 94138 |
10.55 |
| 2026-08-01 12:00 |
19:09:25.76 |
-34:44:12.4 |
HIP 94138 |
10.93 |
| 2026-08-02 00:00 |
19:09:17.58 |
-34:44:20.6 |
HIP 94138 |
11.54 |
| 2026-08-02 12:00 |
19:09:09.44 |
-34:44:28.4 |
HIP 94138 |
12.35 |
| 2026-08-03 00:00 |
19:09:01.35 |
-34:44:35.9 |
HIP 94138 |
13.33 |
| 2026-08-03 12:00 |
19:08:53.29 |
-34:44:43.1 |
HIP 94138 |
14.43 |
| 2026-08-04 00:00 |
19:08:45.29 |
-34:44:49.9 |
HIP 94138 |
15.62 |
| 2026-08-04 12:00 |
19:08:37.33 |
-34:44:56.5 |
HIP 94138 |
16.88 |
| 2026-08-05 00:00 |
19:08:29.41 |
-34:45:02.7 |
HIP 94065 |
18.10 |
| 2026-08-05 12:00 |
19:08:21.54 |
-34:45:08.6 |
HIP 94065 |
18.61 |
| 2026-08-06 00:00 |
19:08:13.72 |
-34:45:14.2 |
HIP 94065 |
19.24 |
| 2026-08-06 12:00 |
19:08:05.95 |
-34:45:19.4 |
HIP 94065 |
19.98 |
| 2026-08-07 00:00 |
19:07:58.23 |
-34:45:24.3 |
HIP 94065 |
20.82 |
| 2026-08-07 12:00 |
19:07:50.56 |
-34:45:28.9 |
HIP 94065 |
21.73 |
| 2026-08-08 00:00 |
19:07:42.94 |
-34:45:33.2 |
HIP 94065 |
22.72 |
| 2026-08-08 12:00 |
19:07:35.37 |
-34:45:37.2 |
HIP 94065 |
23.76 |
| 2026-08-09 00:00 |
19:07:27.86 |
-34:45:40.8 |
HIP 94065 |
24.85 |
| 2026-08-09 12:00 |
19:07:20.39 |
-34:45:44.2 |
HIP 94065 |
25.99 |
| 2026-08-10 00:00 |
19:07:12.99 |
-34:45:47.2 |
HIP 94065 |
27.15 |
| 2026-08-10 12:00 |
19:07:05.64 |
-34:45:49.9 |
HIP 94065 |
28.34 |
| 2026-08-11 00:00 |
19:06:58.35 |
-34:45:52.3 |
HIP 94065 |
29.56 |
| 2026-08-11 12:00 |
19:06:51.11 |
-34:45:54.3 |
HIP 94065 |
30.79 |
| 2026-08-12 00:00 |
19:06:43.93 |
-34:45:56.1 |
HIP 94065 |
32.04 |
| 2026-08-12 12:00 |
19:06:36.81 |
-34:45:57.5 |
HIP 94065 |
33.29 |
| 2026-08-13 00:00 |
19:06:29.75 |
-34:45:58.6 |
HIP 93823 |
33.98 |
| 2026-08-13 12:00 |
19:06:22.76 |
-34:45:59.5 |
HIP 93823 |
33.97 |
| 2026-08-14 00:00 |
19:06:15.82 |
-34:46:00.0 |
HIP 93593 |
33.26 |
| 2026-08-14 12:00 |
19:06:08.94 |
-34:46:00.2 |
HIP 93593 |
31.89 |
| 2026-08-15 00:00 |
19:06:02.13 |
-34:46:00.1 |
HIP 93593 |
30.54 |
| 2026-08-15 12:00 |
19:05:55.38 |
-34:45:59.7 |
HIP 93593 |
29.21 |
| 2026-08-16 00:00 |
19:05:48.70 |
-34:45:58.9 |
HIP 93593 |
27.90 |
| 2026-08-16 12:00 |
19:05:42.08 |
-34:45:57.9 |
HIP 93593 |
26.60 |
| 2026-08-17 00:00 |
19:05:35.52 |
-34:45:56.6 |
HIP 93593 |
25.33 |
| 2026-08-17 12:00 |
19:05:29.04 |
-34:45:55.0 |
HIP 93593 |
24.08 |
| 2026-08-18 00:00 |
19:05:22.62 |
-34:45:53.1 |
HIP 93593 |
22.86 |
| 2026-08-18 12:00 |
19:05:16.26 |
-34:45:50.9 |
HIP 93593 |
21.66 |
| 2026-08-19 00:00 |
19:05:09.98 |
-34:45:48.4 |
HIP 93593 |
20.49 |