| Parameter |
Value |
| Designation |
C/2019 O3 (Palomar) |
| Type |
C |
| Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) |
2021-03-08T21:27:10.964160Z |
| Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) |
2025-02-13T09:52:49Z |
| Obs used |
2138 |
| NEO |
- |
| M1 |
6.100 |
| K1 |
6.750 |
| PC |
0.030 |
| Discovery observation (MPC, UTC) |
2019-07-26T05:21:28.800000Z |
| Discovery magnitude (MPC) |
19.30 r |
| Discovery observatory (MPC) |
I41 · Palomar Mountain–ZTF |
Osculating Elements
| Parameter |
Value |
| Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) |
2022-03-22.0000000 |
| e |
1.00359769 |
| q (au) |
8.820012 |
| a (au) |
-2451.574872 |
| i (deg) |
89.818764 |
| Ω (om, deg) |
300.392129 |
| ω (w, deg) |
60.096036 |
| M (ma, deg) |
0.003070 |
Magnitude
Scatter + Global Linear
$$
M_a = (-1.506 + 5.405\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta
$$
$$
\theta = 180^\circ - \alpha
$$
$$
\Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b)
$$
$$
\Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1
$$
Model Parameters
| Parameter |
Value |
| H0 |
-1.506 |
| n |
5.405 |
| gf |
1.000 |
| gb |
-0.500 |
| k |
1.000 |
| δ90 |
10.000 |
| Parameter |
Symbol |
Range |
Description |
| Absolute magnitude at 1 AU from Sun and Earth |
H0 |
-5 to 20 |
Intrinsic brightness of the comet |
| Photometric slope parameter |
n |
2 to 6 |
Rate of brightness change with heliocentric distance |
| Forward scattering asymmetry factor |
gf |
0.8 to 1 |
Degree of forward scattering |
| Backward scattering asymmetry factor |
gb |
-1 to -0.5 |
Degree of backward scattering |
| Partitioning coefficient |
k |
0.8 to 1 |
Ratio between forward/backward scattering contributions |
| Dust-to-gas brightness ratio |
δ90 |
1 to 10 |
Relative contribution of dust scattering to gas emission |
Reference: EPSC-DPS2025-160
Ephemeris
| Date/Time (UTC) |
RA (J2000) |
Dec (J2000) |
Nearest HIP |
Dist from HIP (arcmin) |
| 2026-09-20 00:00 |
09:42:03.80 |
+59:18:11.4 |
HIP 47538 |
21.67 |
| 2026-09-20 12:00 |
09:42:13.63 |
+59:18:07.7 |
HIP 47538 |
22.01 |
| 2026-09-21 00:00 |
09:42:23.39 |
+59:18:04.8 |
HIP 47538 |
22.39 |
| 2026-09-21 12:00 |
09:42:33.09 |
+59:18:02.5 |
HIP 47538 |
22.82 |
| 2026-09-22 00:00 |
09:42:42.71 |
+59:18:00.9 |
HIP 47538 |
23.29 |
| 2026-09-22 12:00 |
09:42:52.27 |
+59:18:00.0 |
HIP 47538 |
23.80 |
| 2026-09-23 00:00 |
09:43:01.75 |
+59:17:59.7 |
HIP 47538 |
24.35 |
| 2026-09-23 12:00 |
09:43:11.16 |
+59:18:00.2 |
HIP 47538 |
24.92 |
| 2026-09-24 00:00 |
09:43:20.50 |
+59:18:01.4 |
HIP 47538 |
25.53 |
| 2026-09-24 12:00 |
09:43:29.77 |
+59:18:03.3 |
HIP 47538 |
26.16 |
| 2026-09-25 00:00 |
09:43:38.96 |
+59:18:05.8 |
HIP 47538 |
26.81 |
| 2026-09-25 12:00 |
09:43:48.09 |
+59:18:09.0 |
HIP 47894 |
26.31 |
| 2026-09-26 00:00 |
09:43:57.13 |
+59:18:13.0 |
HIP 47894 |
25.65 |
| 2026-09-26 12:00 |
09:44:06.10 |
+59:18:17.6 |
HIP 47894 |
25.02 |
| 2026-09-27 00:00 |
09:44:15.00 |
+59:18:22.9 |
HIP 47894 |
24.42 |
| 2026-09-27 12:00 |
09:44:23.81 |
+59:18:28.9 |
HIP 47894 |
23.85 |
| 2026-09-28 00:00 |
09:44:32.55 |
+59:18:35.6 |
HIP 47894 |
23.31 |
| 2026-09-28 12:00 |
09:44:41.22 |
+59:18:42.9 |
HIP 47894 |
22.81 |
| 2026-09-29 00:00 |
09:44:49.80 |
+59:18:51.0 |
HIP 47894 |
22.34 |
| 2026-09-29 12:00 |
09:44:58.30 |
+59:18:59.7 |
HIP 48056 |
21.55 |
| 2026-09-30 00:00 |
09:45:06.73 |
+59:19:09.1 |
HIP 48056 |
20.48 |
| 2026-09-30 12:00 |
09:45:15.07 |
+59:19:19.2 |
HIP 48056 |
19.43 |
| 2026-10-01 00:00 |
09:45:23.33 |
+59:19:30.0 |
HIP 48056 |
18.39 |
| 2026-10-01 12:00 |
09:45:31.51 |
+59:19:41.4 |
HIP 48056 |
17.37 |
| 2026-10-02 00:00 |
09:45:39.61 |
+59:19:53.6 |
HIP 48056 |
16.36 |
| 2026-10-02 12:00 |
09:45:47.62 |
+59:20:06.4 |
HIP 48056 |
15.38 |
| 2026-10-03 00:00 |
09:45:55.55 |
+59:20:19.9 |
HIP 48056 |
14.41 |
| 2026-10-03 12:00 |
09:46:03.39 |
+59:20:34.1 |
HIP 48056 |
13.47 |
| 2026-10-04 00:00 |
09:46:11.15 |
+59:20:49.0 |
HIP 48056 |
12.55 |
| 2026-10-04 12:00 |
09:46:18.82 |
+59:21:04.5 |
HIP 48056 |
11.67 |
| 2026-10-05 00:00 |
09:46:26.40 |
+59:21:20.7 |
HIP 48056 |
10.82 |
| 2026-10-05 12:00 |
09:46:33.89 |
+59:21:37.6 |
HIP 48056 |
10.02 |
| 2026-10-06 00:00 |
09:46:41.30 |
+59:21:55.2 |
HIP 48056 |
9.26 |
| 2026-10-06 12:00 |
09:46:48.61 |
+59:22:13.4 |
HIP 48056 |
8.58 |
| 2026-10-07 00:00 |
09:46:55.83 |
+59:22:32.3 |
HIP 48056 |
7.97 |
| 2026-10-07 12:00 |
09:47:02.96 |
+59:22:51.9 |
HIP 48056 |
7.46 |
| 2026-10-08 00:00 |
09:47:10.00 |
+59:23:12.2 |
HIP 48056 |
7.05 |
| 2026-10-08 12:00 |
09:47:16.95 |
+59:23:33.1 |
HIP 48056 |
6.78 |
| 2026-10-09 00:00 |
09:47:23.80 |
+59:23:54.7 |
HIP 48056 |
6.65 |
| 2026-10-09 12:00 |
09:47:30.55 |
+59:24:16.9 |
HIP 48056 |
6.67 |
| 2026-10-10 00:00 |
09:47:37.21 |
+59:24:39.8 |
HIP 48056 |
6.82 |
| 2026-10-10 12:00 |
09:47:43.77 |
+59:25:03.4 |
HIP 48056 |
7.12 |
| 2026-10-11 00:00 |
09:47:50.24 |
+59:25:27.6 |
HIP 48056 |
7.52 |