2I = C/2019 Q4 (Borisov)

Metadata

Parameter Value
Designation C/2019 Q4 (Borisov)
Type C
Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) 2019-12-08T13:16:05.885760Z
Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) 2024-06-24T15:49:04Z
Obs used 964
NEO -
M1 13.800
K1 4.500
PC -
Discovery observation (MPC, UTC) 2019-08-30T01:03:19.872000Z
Discovery magnitude (MPC) 17.80 R
Discovery observatory (MPC) L51 · MARGO, Nauchnyi
Osculating Elements
Parameter Value
Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) 2020-01-05.0000000
e 3.35647578
q (au) 2.006521
a (au) -0.851492
i (deg) 44.052642
Ω (om, deg) 308.147729
ω (w, deg) 209.123686
M (ma, deg) 34.429470

Magnitude

2I = C/2019 Q4 (Borisov) · Magnitude (Full range)

Scatter + Global Linear

$$ M_a = (14.853 + 2.256\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta $$ $$ \theta = 180^\circ - \alpha $$ $$ \Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b) $$ $$ \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1 $$

Model Parameters

Parameter Value
H0 14.853
n 2.256
gf 1.000
gb -0.706
k 0.800
δ90 10.000
Parameter Symbol Range Description
Absolute magnitude at 1 AU from Sun and Earth H0 -5 to 20 Intrinsic brightness of the comet
Photometric slope parameter n 2 to 6 Rate of brightness change with heliocentric distance
Forward scattering asymmetry factor gf 0.8 to 1 Degree of forward scattering
Backward scattering asymmetry factor gb -1 to -0.5 Degree of backward scattering
Partitioning coefficient k 0.8 to 1 Ratio between forward/backward scattering contributions
Dust-to-gas brightness ratio δ90 1 to 10 Relative contribution of dust scattering to gas emission

Reference: EPSC-DPS2025-160

Residuals (Piecewise)

$$\epsilon = a \log_{10} r_{\mathrm{au}} + b$$

Start (UTC) End (UTC) a b
2018-12-13 2019-12-08 +1.5408 -0.661
2019-12-08 2020-03-05 +1.5873 -0.696
2020-03-05 2020-09-30 +12.2394 -6.131

log10 r = log10(heliocentric distance / AU), Δ = geocentric distance (AU)

Ephemeris

Date/Time (UTC) RA (J2000) Dec (J2000) Nearest HIP Dist from HIP (arcmin)
2026-07-29 00:00 17:59:08.82 -54:24:50.5 HIP 88027 10.42
2026-07-29 12:00 17:59:05.66 -54:24:37.4 HIP 88027 10.50
2026-07-30 00:00 17:59:02.52 -54:24:24.1 HIP 88027 10.61
2026-07-30 12:00 17:58:59.41 -54:24:10.8 HIP 88027 10.75
2026-07-31 00:00 17:58:56.31 -54:23:57.3 HIP 88027 10.91
2026-07-31 12:00 17:58:53.25 -54:23:43.6 HIP 88027 11.09
2026-08-01 00:00 17:58:50.21 -54:23:29.9 HIP 88027 11.30
2026-08-01 12:00 17:58:47.19 -54:23:16.0 HIP 88027 11.52
2026-08-02 00:00 17:58:44.20 -54:23:02.0 HIP 88027 11.77
2026-08-02 12:00 17:58:41.23 -54:22:47.9 HIP 88027 12.03
2026-08-03 00:00 17:58:38.29 -54:22:33.7 HIP 88027 12.30
2026-08-03 12:00 17:58:35.38 -54:22:19.3 HIP 88027 12.59
2026-08-04 00:00 17:58:32.49 -54:22:04.8 HIP 88027 12.90
2026-08-04 12:00 17:58:29.62 -54:21:50.2 HIP 88027 13.21
2026-08-05 00:00 17:58:26.79 -54:21:35.5 HIP 88027 13.54
2026-08-05 12:00 17:58:23.98 -54:21:20.7 HIP 88027 13.88
2026-08-06 00:00 17:58:21.20 -54:21:05.8 HIP 88027 14.22
2026-08-06 12:00 17:58:18.44 -54:20:50.7 HIP 88027 14.57
2026-08-07 00:00 17:58:15.71 -54:20:35.6 HIP 88027 14.93
2026-08-07 12:00 17:58:13.01 -54:20:20.3 HIP 88027 15.30
2026-08-08 00:00 17:58:10.34 -54:20:04.9 HIP 88027 15.67
2026-08-08 12:00 17:58:07.69 -54:19:49.5 HIP 87821 15.35
2026-08-09 00:00 17:58:05.07 -54:19:33.9 HIP 87821 15.03
2026-08-09 12:00 17:58:02.48 -54:19:18.2 HIP 87821 14.72
2026-08-10 00:00 17:57:59.92 -54:19:02.4 HIP 87821 14.42
2026-08-10 12:00 17:57:57.39 -54:18:46.5 HIP 87821 14.14
2026-08-11 00:00 17:57:54.89 -54:18:30.5 HIP 87821 13.86
2026-08-11 12:00 17:57:52.41 -54:18:14.3 HIP 87821 13.61
2026-08-12 00:00 17:57:49.97 -54:17:58.1 HIP 87821 13.36
2026-08-12 12:00 17:57:47.55 -54:17:41.8 HIP 87821 13.14
2026-08-13 00:00 17:57:45.17 -54:17:25.4 HIP 87821 12.93
2026-08-13 12:00 17:57:42.81 -54:17:08.9 HIP 87821 12.73
2026-08-14 00:00 17:57:40.49 -54:16:52.4 HIP 87821 12.55
2026-08-14 12:00 17:57:38.20 -54:16:35.7 HIP 87821 12.39
2026-08-15 00:00 17:57:35.93 -54:16:18.9 HIP 87821 12.25
2026-08-15 12:00 17:57:33.70 -54:16:02.0 HIP 87821 12.12
2026-08-16 00:00 17:57:31.50 -54:15:45.1 HIP 87821 12.02
2026-08-16 12:00 17:57:29.33 -54:15:28.1 HIP 87821 11.93
2026-08-17 00:00 17:57:27.18 -54:15:10.9 HIP 87821 11.86
2026-08-17 12:00 17:57:25.08 -54:14:53.7 HIP 87821 11.81
2026-08-18 00:00 17:57:23.00 -54:14:36.5 HIP 87821 11.78
2026-08-18 12:00 17:57:20.95 -54:14:19.1 HIP 87821 11.77
2026-08-19 00:00 17:57:18.94 -54:14:01.6 HIP 87821 11.78