C/2021 A2 (NEOWISE)

Metadata

Parameter Value
Designation C/2021 A2 (NEOWISE)
Type C
Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) 2021-01-22T15:13:06.119040Z
Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) 2025-01-02T20:12:26Z
Obs used 980
NEO -
M1 15.000
K1 4.500
PC -
Discovery observation (MPC, UTC) 2021-01-03T00:31:00.192000Z
Discovery magnitude (MPC) 15.00 R
Discovery observatory (MPC) C51 · WISE
Osculating Elements
Parameter Value
Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) 2021-02-20.0000000
e 0.99451672
q (au) 1.412974
a (au) 257.687917
i (deg) 106.978275
Ω (om, deg) 125.238283
ω (w, deg) 338.849015
M (ma, deg) 0.006759

Magnitude

C/2021 A2 (NEOWISE) · Magnitude (Full range)

Scatter + Global Linear

$$ M_a = (14.158 + 2.000\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta $$ $$ \theta = 180^\circ - \alpha $$ $$ \Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b) $$ $$ \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1 $$

Model Parameters

Parameter Value
H0 14.158
n 2.000
gf 1.000
gb -1.000
k 0.991
δ90 10.000
Parameter Symbol Range Description
Absolute magnitude at 1 AU from Sun and Earth H0 -5 to 20 Intrinsic brightness of the comet
Photometric slope parameter n 2 to 6 Rate of brightness change with heliocentric distance
Forward scattering asymmetry factor gf 0.8 to 1 Degree of forward scattering
Backward scattering asymmetry factor gb -1 to -0.5 Degree of backward scattering
Partitioning coefficient k 0.8 to 1 Ratio between forward/backward scattering contributions
Dust-to-gas brightness ratio δ90 1 to 10 Relative contribution of dust scattering to gas emission

Reference: EPSC-DPS2025-160

Residuals (Piecewise)

$$\epsilon = a \log_{10} r_{\mathrm{au}} + b$$

Start (UTC) End (UTC) a b
2021-01-23 2021-05-09 +4.2062 -1.270

log10 r = log10(heliocentric distance / AU), Δ = geocentric distance (AU)

Ephemeris

Date/Time (UTC) RA (J2000) Dec (J2000) Nearest HIP Dist from HIP (arcmin)
2026-09-20 00:00 20:28:48.53 +37:10:47.1 HIP 101147 16.04
2026-09-20 12:00 20:28:43.21 +37:09:12.0 HIP 101118 16.54
2026-09-21 00:00 20:28:37.97 +37:07:36.6 HIP 101118 16.47
2026-09-21 12:00 20:28:32.79 +37:06:00.9 HIP 101118 16.60
2026-09-22 00:00 20:28:27.69 +37:04:24.8 HIP 101118 16.93
2026-09-22 12:00 20:28:22.65 +37:02:48.4 HIP 101118 17.45
2026-09-23 00:00 20:28:17.69 +37:01:11.8 HIP 101118 18.14
2026-09-23 12:00 20:28:12.79 +36:59:34.8 HIP 101118 18.98
2026-09-24 00:00 20:28:07.96 +36:57:57.6 HIP 101118 19.95
2026-09-24 12:00 20:28:03.21 +36:56:20.1 HIP 101118 21.04
2026-09-25 00:00 20:27:58.52 +36:54:42.3 HIP 101118 22.21
2026-09-25 12:00 20:27:53.91 +36:53:04.3 HIP 100826 23.37
2026-09-26 00:00 20:27:49.37 +36:51:26.0 HIP 100826 21.54
2026-09-26 12:00 20:27:44.89 +36:49:47.5 HIP 100826 19.72
2026-09-27 00:00 20:27:40.50 +36:48:08.7 HIP 100826 17.92
2026-09-27 12:00 20:27:36.17 +36:46:29.8 HIP 100826 16.14
2026-09-28 00:00 20:27:31.91 +36:44:50.5 HIP 100826 14.39
2026-09-28 12:00 20:27:27.73 +36:43:11.1 HIP 100826 12.68
2026-09-29 00:00 20:27:23.62 +36:41:31.5 HIP 100826 11.03
2026-09-29 12:00 20:27:19.58 +36:39:51.6 HIP 100826 9.47
2026-09-30 00:00 20:27:15.62 +36:38:11.6 HIP 100826 8.03
2026-09-30 12:00 20:27:11.73 +36:36:31.4 HIP 100826 6.82
2026-10-01 00:00 20:27:07.91 +36:34:51.0 HIP 100826 5.96
2026-10-01 12:00 20:27:04.16 +36:33:10.4 HIP 100826 5.60
2026-10-02 00:00 20:27:00.49 +36:31:29.7 HIP 100826 5.84
2026-10-02 12:00 20:26:56.90 +36:29:48.8 HIP 100826 6.61
2026-10-03 00:00 20:26:53.38 +36:28:07.7 HIP 100826 7.76
2026-10-03 12:00 20:26:49.93 +36:26:26.5 HIP 100826 9.13
2026-10-04 00:00 20:26:46.55 +36:24:45.2 HIP 100826 10.65
2026-10-04 12:00 20:26:43.26 +36:23:03.7 HIP 100826 12.25
2026-10-05 00:00 20:26:40.03 +36:21:22.1 HIP 100826 13.91
2026-10-05 12:00 20:26:36.89 +36:19:40.4 HIP 100826 15.60
2026-10-06 00:00 20:26:33.81 +36:17:58.7 HIP 100826 17.32
2026-10-06 12:00 20:26:30.82 +36:16:16.8 HIP 100826 19.05
2026-10-07 00:00 20:26:27.89 +36:14:34.8 HIP 100826 20.80
2026-10-07 12:00 20:26:25.05 +36:12:52.7 HIP 100826 22.55
2026-10-08 00:00 20:26:22.28 +36:11:10.6 HIP 100777 22.91
2026-10-08 12:00 20:26:19.59 +36:09:28.4 HIP 100777 21.14
2026-10-09 00:00 20:26:16.97 +36:07:46.1 HIP 100777 19.37
2026-10-09 12:00 20:26:14.43 +36:06:03.8 HIP 100777 17.60
2026-10-10 00:00 20:26:11.96 +36:04:21.4 HIP 100777 15.84
2026-10-10 12:00 20:26:09.58 +36:02:39.1 HIP 100777 14.08
2026-10-11 00:00 20:26:07.26 +36:00:56.6 HIP 100777 12.34