| Parameter |
Value |
| Designation |
C/2022 D2 (Kowalski) |
| Type |
C |
| Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) |
2022-03-27T13:51:54.040320Z |
| Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) |
2022-05-19T21:13:31Z |
| Obs used |
112 |
| NEO |
- |
| M1 |
14.100 |
| K1 |
25.500 |
| PC |
- |
| Discovery observation (MPC, UTC) |
2022-02-25T02:54:45.244800Z |
| Discovery magnitude (MPC) |
19.85 G |
| Discovery observatory (MPC) |
G96 · University of Arizona Mt. Lemmon Survey |
Osculating Elements
| Parameter |
Value |
| Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) |
2022-03-11.0000000 |
| e |
0.99563301 |
| q (au) |
1.555140 |
| a (au) |
356.112305 |
| i (deg) |
22.654502 |
| Ω (om, deg) |
312.470402 |
| ω (w, deg) |
177.792237 |
| M (ma, deg) |
359.997569 |
Magnitude
Scatter + Global Linear
$$
M_a = (15.407 + 6.000\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta
$$
$$
\theta = 180^\circ - \alpha
$$
$$
\Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b)
$$
$$
\Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1
$$
Model Parameters
| Parameter |
Value |
| H0 |
15.407 |
| n |
6.000 |
| gf |
1.000 |
| gb |
-0.500 |
| k |
1.000 |
| δ90 |
10.000 |
| Parameter |
Symbol |
Range |
Description |
| Absolute magnitude at 1 AU from Sun and Earth |
H0 |
-5 to 20 |
Intrinsic brightness of the comet |
| Photometric slope parameter |
n |
2 to 6 |
Rate of brightness change with heliocentric distance |
| Forward scattering asymmetry factor |
gf |
0.8 to 1 |
Degree of forward scattering |
| Backward scattering asymmetry factor |
gb |
-1 to -0.5 |
Degree of backward scattering |
| Partitioning coefficient |
k |
0.8 to 1 |
Ratio between forward/backward scattering contributions |
| Dust-to-gas brightness ratio |
δ90 |
1 to 10 |
Relative contribution of dust scattering to gas emission |
Reference: EPSC-DPS2025-160
Ephemeris
| Date/Time (UTC) |
RA (J2000) |
Dec (J2000) |
Nearest HIP |
Dist from HIP (arcmin) |
| 2026-06-01 00:00 |
18:22:24.67 |
-39:26:04.1 |
HIP 90112 |
11.78 |
| 2026-06-01 12:00 |
18:22:14.96 |
-39:26:18.1 |
HIP 90112 |
13.41 |
| 2026-06-02 00:00 |
18:22:05.20 |
-39:26:31.8 |
HIP 89945 |
14.13 |
| 2026-06-02 12:00 |
18:21:55.40 |
-39:26:45.2 |
HIP 89945 |
12.57 |
| 2026-06-03 00:00 |
18:21:45.56 |
-39:26:58.3 |
HIP 89945 |
11.13 |
| 2026-06-03 12:00 |
18:21:35.68 |
-39:27:11.0 |
HIP 89945 |
9.84 |
| 2026-06-04 00:00 |
18:21:25.75 |
-39:27:23.3 |
HIP 89945 |
8.80 |
| 2026-06-04 12:00 |
18:21:15.79 |
-39:27:35.3 |
HIP 89945 |
8.08 |
| 2026-06-05 00:00 |
18:21:05.79 |
-39:27:47.0 |
HIP 89945 |
7.80 |
| 2026-06-05 12:00 |
18:20:55.75 |
-39:27:58.3 |
HIP 89945 |
8.00 |
| 2026-06-06 00:00 |
18:20:45.67 |
-39:28:09.2 |
HIP 89945 |
8.65 |
| 2026-06-06 12:00 |
18:20:35.55 |
-39:28:19.8 |
HIP 89945 |
9.67 |
| 2026-06-07 00:00 |
18:20:25.41 |
-39:28:30.1 |
HIP 89945 |
10.96 |
| 2026-06-07 12:00 |
18:20:15.22 |
-39:28:40.0 |
HIP 89945 |
12.43 |
| 2026-06-08 00:00 |
18:20:05.01 |
-39:28:49.5 |
HIP 89945 |
14.04 |
| 2026-06-08 12:00 |
18:19:54.76 |
-39:28:58.6 |
HIP 89785 |
13.12 |
| 2026-06-09 00:00 |
18:19:44.48 |
-39:29:07.4 |
HIP 89785 |
12.19 |
| 2026-06-09 12:00 |
18:19:34.17 |
-39:29:15.8 |
HIP 89785 |
11.53 |
| 2026-06-10 00:00 |
18:19:23.84 |
-39:29:23.9 |
HIP 89785 |
11.21 |
| 2026-06-10 12:00 |
18:19:13.47 |
-39:29:31.6 |
HIP 89785 |
11.24 |
| 2026-06-11 00:00 |
18:19:03.08 |
-39:29:38.9 |
HIP 89785 |
11.62 |
| 2026-06-11 12:00 |
18:18:52.66 |
-39:29:45.8 |
HIP 89785 |
12.34 |
| 2026-06-12 00:00 |
18:18:42.22 |
-39:29:52.4 |
HIP 89648 |
12.25 |
| 2026-06-12 12:00 |
18:18:31.75 |
-39:29:58.6 |
HIP 89648 |
10.27 |
| 2026-06-13 00:00 |
18:18:21.27 |
-39:30:04.4 |
HIP 89648 |
8.30 |
| 2026-06-13 12:00 |
18:18:10.76 |
-39:30:09.8 |
HIP 89648 |
6.35 |
| 2026-06-14 00:00 |
18:18:00.23 |
-39:30:14.8 |
HIP 89648 |
4.49 |
| 2026-06-14 12:00 |
18:17:49.68 |
-39:30:19.5 |
HIP 89648 |
2.87 |
| 2026-06-15 00:00 |
18:17:39.12 |
-39:30:23.8 |
HIP 89648 |
2.15 |
| 2026-06-15 12:00 |
18:17:28.53 |
-39:30:27.7 |
HIP 89648 |
3.06 |
| 2026-06-16 00:00 |
18:17:17.94 |
-39:30:31.2 |
HIP 89648 |
4.74 |
| 2026-06-16 12:00 |
18:17:07.32 |
-39:30:34.3 |
HIP 89648 |
6.64 |
| 2026-06-17 00:00 |
18:16:56.70 |
-39:30:37.0 |
HIP 89648 |
8.60 |
| 2026-06-17 12:00 |
18:16:46.06 |
-39:30:39.4 |
HIP 89648 |
10.61 |
| 2026-06-18 00:00 |
18:16:35.41 |
-39:30:41.3 |
HIP 89648 |
12.63 |
| 2026-06-18 12:00 |
18:16:24.76 |
-39:30:42.9 |
HIP 89648 |
14.66 |
| 2026-06-19 00:00 |
18:16:14.09 |
-39:30:44.0 |
HIP 89648 |
16.70 |
| 2026-06-19 12:00 |
18:16:03.42 |
-39:30:44.8 |
HIP 89648 |
18.75 |
| 2026-06-20 00:00 |
18:15:52.74 |
-39:30:45.2 |
HIP 89648 |
20.80 |
| 2026-06-20 12:00 |
18:15:42.06 |
-39:30:45.2 |
HIP 89648 |
22.85 |
| 2026-06-21 00:00 |
18:15:31.37 |
-39:30:44.8 |
HIP 89648 |
24.90 |
| 2026-06-21 12:00 |
18:15:20.68 |
-39:30:44.0 |
HIP 89293 |
24.56 |
| 2026-06-22 00:00 |
18:15:09.99 |
-39:30:42.8 |
HIP 89293 |
22.52 |