40P/Vaisala 1
Metadata
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Designation | 40P/Vaisala 1 |
| Type | P |
| Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) | 2014-11-17T19:36:24.168960Z |
| Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) | 2026-07-17T07:41:43Z |
| Obs used | 1268 |
| NEO | - |
| M1 | 11.500 |
| K1 | 13.500 |
| PC | 0.030 |
Osculating Elements
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) | 2011-08-15.0000000 |
| e | 0.63250898 |
| q (au) | 1.802114 |
| a (au) | 4.903831 |
| i (deg) | 11.500129 |
| Ω (om, deg) | 134.484162 |
| ω (w, deg) | 47.307718 |
| M (ma, deg) | 251.919874 |
Magnitude
Scatter + Global Linear
$$ M_a = (9.768 + 6.000\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta $$ $$ \theta = 180^\circ - \alpha $$ $$ \Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b) $$ $$ \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1 $$
Model Parameters
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| H0 | 9.768 |
| n | 6.000 |
| gf | 0.800 |
| gb | -0.604 |
| k | 1.000 |
| δ90 | 10.000 |
| Parameter | Symbol | Range | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Absolute magnitude at 1 AU from Sun and Earth | H0 | -5 to 20 | Intrinsic brightness of the comet |
| Photometric slope parameter | n | 2 to 6 | Rate of brightness change with heliocentric distance |
| Forward scattering asymmetry factor | gf |
0.8 to 1 | Degree of forward scattering |
| Backward scattering asymmetry factor | gb |
-1 to -0.5 | Degree of backward scattering |
| Partitioning coefficient | k | 0.8 to 1 | Ratio between forward/backward scattering contributions |
| Dust-to-gas brightness ratio | δ90 | 1 to 10 | Relative contribution of dust scattering to gas emission |
Reference: EPSC-DPS2025-160
Residuals (Piecewise)
$$\epsilon = a \log_{10} r_{\mathrm{au}} + b$$
| Start (UTC) | End (UTC) | a | b |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-11-29 | 2026-02-13 | +2.9361 | -1.469 |
| 2026-02-13 | 2026-04-06 | +21.0703 | -6.799 |
| 2026-04-06 | 2026-07-20 | -3.3238 | +1.714 |
log10 r = log10(heliocentric distance / AU), Δ = geocentric distance (AU)
Finding Chart
Ephemeris
| Date/Time (UTC) | RA (J2000) | Dec (J2000) | Nearest HIP | Dist from HIP (arcmin) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-09-20 00:00 | 17:33:42.49 | -17:40:12.4 | HIP 85952 | 10.71 |
| 2026-09-20 12:00 | 17:34:07.75 | -17:42:04.1 | HIP 85952 | 8.37 |
| 2026-09-21 00:00 | 17:34:33.19 | -17:43:55.2 | HIP 85952 | 10.27 |
| 2026-09-21 12:00 | 17:34:58.78 | -17:45:45.5 | HIP 85952 | 14.91 |
| 2026-09-22 00:00 | 17:35:24.54 | -17:47:35.1 | HIP 86142 | 12.36 |
| 2026-09-22 12:00 | 17:35:50.46 | -17:49:23.9 | HIP 86142 | 5.95 |
| 2026-09-23 00:00 | 17:36:16.54 | -17:51:12.1 | HIP 86142 | 0.98 |
| 2026-09-23 12:00 | 17:36:42.78 | -17:52:59.4 | HIP 86196 | 4.83 |
| 2026-09-24 00:00 | 17:37:09.18 | -17:54:46.1 | HIP 86196 | 4.59 |
| 2026-09-24 12:00 | 17:37:35.73 | -17:56:32.0 | HIP 86271 | 6.96 |
| 2026-09-25 00:00 | 17:38:02.44 | -17:58:17.1 | HIP 86271 | 10.29 |
| 2026-09-25 12:00 | 17:38:29.30 | -18:00:01.5 | HIP 86271 | 15.84 |
| 2026-09-26 00:00 | 17:38:56.31 | -18:01:45.2 | HIP 86271 | 22.01 |
| 2026-09-26 12:00 | 17:39:23.47 | -18:03:28.1 | HIP 86402 | 21.26 |
| 2026-09-27 00:00 | 17:39:50.78 | -18:05:10.2 | HIP 86402 | 21.01 |
| 2026-09-27 12:00 | 17:40:18.23 | -18:06:51.6 | HIP 86402 | 22.85 |
| 2026-09-28 00:00 | 17:40:45.83 | -18:08:32.2 | HIP 86605 | 21.48 |
| 2026-09-28 12:00 | 17:41:13.58 | -18:10:12.1 | HIP 86605 | 18.72 |
| 2026-09-29 00:00 | 17:41:41.47 | -18:11:51.2 | HIP 86605 | 18.20 |
| 2026-09-29 12:00 | 17:42:09.50 | -18:13:29.5 | HIP 86605 | 20.14 |
| 2026-09-30 00:00 | 17:42:37.67 | -18:15:07.1 | HIP 86605 | 23.96 |
| 2026-09-30 12:00 | 17:43:05.98 | -18:16:43.9 | HIP 86605 | 28.95 |
| 2026-10-01 00:00 | 17:43:34.43 | -18:18:19.9 | HIP 86873 | 28.70 |
| 2026-10-01 12:00 | 17:44:03.02 | -18:19:55.2 | HIP 86873 | 23.27 |
| 2026-10-02 00:00 | 17:44:31.74 | -18:21:29.7 | HIP 86873 | 18.88 |
| 2026-10-02 12:00 | 17:45:00.60 | -18:23:03.4 | HIP 86873 | 16.41 |
| 2026-10-03 00:00 | 17:45:29.59 | -18:24:36.3 | HIP 86873 | 16.78 |
| 2026-10-03 12:00 | 17:45:58.71 | -18:26:08.5 | HIP 86873 | 19.86 |
| 2026-10-04 00:00 | 17:46:27.97 | -18:27:39.8 | HIP 86873 | 24.67 |
| 2026-10-04 12:00 | 17:46:57.36 | -18:29:10.4 | HIP 87129 | 20.17 |
| 2026-10-05 00:00 | 17:47:26.88 | -18:30:40.2 | HIP 87129 | 16.22 |
| 2026-10-05 12:00 | 17:47:56.52 | -18:32:09.2 | HIP 87129 | 14.87 |
| 2026-10-06 00:00 | 17:48:26.29 | -18:33:37.4 | HIP 87129 | 16.81 |
| 2026-10-06 12:00 | 17:48:56.19 | -18:35:04.8 | HIP 87176 | 19.15 |
| 2026-10-07 00:00 | 17:49:26.22 | -18:36:31.5 | HIP 87176 | 20.60 |
| 2026-10-07 12:00 | 17:49:56.37 | -18:37:57.3 | HIP 87176 | 24.27 |
| 2026-10-08 00:00 | 17:50:26.64 | -18:39:22.3 | HIP 87388 | 24.73 |
| 2026-10-08 12:00 | 17:50:57.03 | -18:40:46.5 | HIP 87388 | 20.05 |
| 2026-10-09 00:00 | 17:51:27.55 | -18:42:09.9 | HIP 87388 | 17.32 |
| 2026-10-09 12:00 | 17:51:58.18 | -18:43:32.5 | HIP 87388 | 17.52 |
| 2026-10-10 00:00 | 17:52:28.93 | -18:44:54.3 | HIP 87568 | 14.69 |
| 2026-10-10 12:00 | 17:52:59.80 | -18:46:15.2 | HIP 87568 | 8.19 |
| 2026-10-11 00:00 | 17:53:30.78 | -18:47:35.4 | HIP 87568 | 5.40 |