| Parameter |
Value |
| Designation |
445P/Lemmon-PANSTARRS |
| Type |
P |
| Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) |
2022-08-19T02:37:51.418560Z |
| Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) |
2025-09-09T12:42:58Z |
| Obs used |
308 |
| NEO |
- |
| M1 |
15.600 |
| K1 |
6.500 |
| PC |
0.030 |
| Discovery observation (MPC, UTC) |
1998-11-22T06:48:55.008000Z |
| Discovery magnitude (MPC) |
21.10 V |
| Discovery observatory (MPC) |
691 · Steward Observatory, Kitt Peak-Spacewatch |
Osculating Elements
| Parameter |
Value |
| Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) |
2018-12-24.0000000 |
| e |
0.41248906 |
| q (au) |
2.383958 |
| a (au) |
4.057726 |
| i (deg) |
1.088174 |
| Ω (om, deg) |
126.549865 |
| ω (w, deg) |
213.725650 |
| M (ma, deg) |
199.131293 |
Magnitude
Scatter + Global Linear
$$
M_a = (14.751 + 2.907\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta
$$
$$
\theta = 180^\circ - \alpha
$$
$$
\Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b)
$$
$$
\Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1
$$
Model Parameters
| Parameter |
Value |
| H0 |
14.751 |
| n |
2.907 |
| gf |
1.000 |
| gb |
-0.864 |
| k |
0.999 |
| δ90 |
10.000 |
| Parameter |
Symbol |
Range |
Description |
| Absolute magnitude at 1 AU from Sun and Earth |
H0 |
-5 to 20 |
Intrinsic brightness of the comet |
| Photometric slope parameter |
n |
2 to 6 |
Rate of brightness change with heliocentric distance |
| Forward scattering asymmetry factor |
gf |
0.8 to 1 |
Degree of forward scattering |
| Backward scattering asymmetry factor |
gb |
-1 to -0.5 |
Degree of backward scattering |
| Partitioning coefficient |
k |
0.8 to 1 |
Ratio between forward/backward scattering contributions |
| Dust-to-gas brightness ratio |
δ90 |
1 to 10 |
Relative contribution of dust scattering to gas emission |
Reference: EPSC-DPS2025-160
Ephemeris
| Date/Time (UTC) |
RA (J2000) |
Dec (J2000) |
Nearest HIP |
Dist from HIP (arcmin) |
| 2026-09-20 00:00 |
10:57:02.74 |
+07:15:59.4 |
HIP 53493 |
6.63 |
| 2026-09-20 12:00 |
10:57:23.88 |
+07:13:51.1 |
HIP 53493 |
11.99 |
| 2026-09-21 00:00 |
10:57:44.99 |
+07:11:42.9 |
HIP 53493 |
17.53 |
| 2026-09-21 12:00 |
10:58:06.08 |
+07:09:34.8 |
HIP 53697 |
21.01 |
| 2026-09-22 00:00 |
10:58:27.15 |
+07:07:26.8 |
HIP 53697 |
15.76 |
| 2026-09-22 12:00 |
10:58:48.18 |
+07:05:18.9 |
HIP 53697 |
10.92 |
| 2026-09-23 00:00 |
10:59:09.20 |
+07:03:11.1 |
HIP 53697 |
7.33 |
| 2026-09-23 12:00 |
10:59:30.18 |
+07:01:03.5 |
HIP 53697 |
7.17 |
| 2026-09-24 00:00 |
10:59:51.13 |
+06:58:55.9 |
HIP 53697 |
10.60 |
| 2026-09-24 12:00 |
11:00:12.06 |
+06:56:48.5 |
HIP 53697 |
15.37 |
| 2026-09-25 00:00 |
11:00:32.96 |
+06:54:41.2 |
HIP 53904 |
18.37 |
| 2026-09-25 12:00 |
11:00:53.83 |
+06:52:34.0 |
HIP 53904 |
13.01 |
| 2026-09-26 00:00 |
11:01:14.67 |
+06:50:26.9 |
HIP 53904 |
8.00 |
| 2026-09-26 12:00 |
11:01:35.48 |
+06:48:20.0 |
HIP 53904 |
4.59 |
| 2026-09-27 00:00 |
11:01:56.26 |
+06:46:13.3 |
HIP 53904 |
6.36 |
| 2026-09-27 12:00 |
11:02:17.01 |
+06:44:06.6 |
HIP 53904 |
11.03 |
| 2026-09-28 00:00 |
11:02:37.72 |
+06:42:00.1 |
HIP 53904 |
16.27 |
| 2026-09-28 12:00 |
11:02:58.41 |
+06:39:53.8 |
HIP 53904 |
21.66 |
| 2026-09-29 00:00 |
11:03:19.06 |
+06:37:47.6 |
HIP 53904 |
27.11 |
| 2026-09-29 12:00 |
11:03:39.68 |
+06:35:41.6 |
HIP 53904 |
32.58 |
| 2026-09-30 00:00 |
11:04:00.26 |
+06:33:35.7 |
HIP 53904 |
38.06 |
| 2026-09-30 12:00 |
11:04:20.81 |
+06:31:30.1 |
HIP 54331 |
38.91 |
| 2026-10-01 00:00 |
11:04:41.32 |
+06:29:24.5 |
HIP 54331 |
34.73 |
| 2026-10-01 12:00 |
11:05:01.80 |
+06:27:19.2 |
HIP 54331 |
30.96 |
| 2026-10-02 00:00 |
11:05:22.24 |
+06:25:14.0 |
HIP 54331 |
27.79 |
| 2026-10-02 12:00 |
11:05:42.65 |
+06:23:09.0 |
HIP 54331 |
25.42 |
| 2026-10-03 00:00 |
11:06:03.02 |
+06:21:04.3 |
HIP 54331 |
24.09 |
| 2026-10-03 12:00 |
11:06:23.35 |
+06:18:59.7 |
HIP 54331 |
23.96 |
| 2026-10-04 00:00 |
11:06:43.64 |
+06:16:55.3 |
HIP 54331 |
25.05 |
| 2026-10-04 12:00 |
11:07:03.89 |
+06:14:51.1 |
HIP 54378 |
23.29 |
| 2026-10-05 00:00 |
11:07:24.10 |
+06:12:47.1 |
HIP 54378 |
20.25 |
| 2026-10-05 12:00 |
11:07:44.27 |
+06:10:43.3 |
HIP 54378 |
18.35 |
| 2026-10-06 00:00 |
11:08:04.40 |
+06:08:39.8 |
HIP 54378 |
17.95 |
| 2026-10-06 12:00 |
11:08:24.48 |
+06:06:36.5 |
HIP 54378 |
19.13 |
| 2026-10-07 00:00 |
11:08:44.53 |
+06:04:33.4 |
HIP 54378 |
21.63 |
| 2026-10-07 12:00 |
11:09:04.52 |
+06:02:30.5 |
HIP 54563 |
20.63 |
| 2026-10-08 00:00 |
11:09:24.48 |
+06:00:27.9 |
HIP 54563 |
16.29 |
| 2026-10-08 12:00 |
11:09:44.39 |
+05:58:25.5 |
HIP 54563 |
12.75 |
| 2026-10-09 00:00 |
11:10:04.25 |
+05:56:23.4 |
HIP 54563 |
10.83 |
| 2026-10-09 12:00 |
11:10:24.07 |
+05:54:21.6 |
HIP 54563 |
11.35 |
| 2026-10-10 00:00 |
11:10:43.84 |
+05:52:20.0 |
HIP 54563 |
14.04 |
| 2026-10-10 12:00 |
11:11:03.56 |
+05:50:18.7 |
HIP 54563 |
17.93 |
| 2026-10-11 00:00 |
11:11:23.23 |
+05:48:17.6 |
HIP 54563 |
22.40 |