메타데이터
| 항목 |
값 |
| Designation |
99P/Kowal 1 |
| Type |
P |
| Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) |
2022-04-08T09:21:18.054720Z |
| Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) |
2024-08-26T13:15:15Z |
| Obs used |
1698 |
| NEO |
- |
| M1 |
6.700 |
| K1 |
12.000 |
| PC |
0.030 |
Osculating 궤도요소
| 항목 |
값 |
| Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) |
2014-12-29.0000000 |
| e |
0.22969880 |
| q (au) |
4.725879 |
| a (au) |
6.135105 |
| i (deg) |
4.337500 |
| Ω (om, deg) |
28.179464 |
| ω (w, deg) |
174.192344 |
| M (ma, deg) |
187.644015 |
밝기
산란 + 전체 선형
$$
M_a = (3.594 + 6.000\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta
$$
$$
\theta = 180^\circ - \alpha
$$
$$
\Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b)
$$
$$
\Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1
$$
모델 상수
| 항목 |
값 |
| H0 |
3.594 |
| n |
6.000 |
| gf |
0.995 |
| gb |
-0.500 |
| k |
1.000 |
| δ90 |
10.000 |
| 파라미터 |
기호 |
범위 |
설명 |
| 태양·지구거리 1 AU에서의 절대등급 |
H0 |
-5 to 20 |
혜성의 고유 밝기 |
| 광도 기울기 파라미터 |
n |
2 to 6 |
태양거리 변화에 따른 밝기 변화율 |
| 전방 산란 비대칭 계수 |
gf |
0.8 to 1 |
전방 산란의 강도 |
| 후방 산란 비대칭 계수 |
gb |
-1 to -0.5 |
후방 산란의 강도 |
| 분할 계수 |
k |
0.8 to 1 |
전·후방 산란 기여도 비율 |
| 먼지/가스 밝기 비 |
δ90 |
1 to 10 |
코마에서 먼지 산란 대비 가스 방출의 상대 기여 |
참고: EPSC-DPS2025-160
잔차 (구간 선형)
$$\epsilon = a \log_{10} r_{\mathrm{au}} + b$$
| 시작일 (UTC) |
끝 (UTC) |
a |
b |
| 2019-10-08 |
2022-04-08 |
+13.7752 |
-9.355 |
| 2022-04-08 |
2024-07-25 |
-7.7771 |
+5.047 |
log10 r = log10(태양거리/AU), Δ = 지구거리(AU)
천체력
| Date/Time (UTC) |
RA (J2000) |
Dec (J2000) |
Nearest HIP |
Dist from HIP (arcmin) |
| 2026-07-29 00:00 |
22:26:19.24 |
-14:24:48.1 |
HIP 110767 |
17.96 |
| 2026-07-29 12:00 |
22:26:09.02 |
-14:25:52.0 |
HIP 110767 |
19.38 |
| 2026-07-30 00:00 |
22:25:58.70 |
-14:26:56.3 |
HIP 110767 |
21.06 |
| 2026-07-30 12:00 |
22:25:48.29 |
-14:28:00.8 |
HIP 110767 |
22.96 |
| 2026-07-31 00:00 |
22:25:37.80 |
-14:29:05.7 |
HIP 110767 |
25.02 |
| 2026-07-31 12:00 |
22:25:27.22 |
-14:30:10.7 |
HIP 110767 |
27.23 |
| 2026-08-01 00:00 |
22:25:16.56 |
-14:31:16.1 |
HIP 110723 |
27.87 |
| 2026-08-01 12:00 |
22:25:05.81 |
-14:32:21.7 |
HIP 110723 |
27.98 |
| 2026-08-02 00:00 |
22:24:54.98 |
-14:33:27.6 |
HIP 110723 |
28.37 |
| 2026-08-02 12:00 |
22:24:44.07 |
-14:34:33.6 |
HIP 110723 |
29.05 |
| 2026-08-03 00:00 |
22:24:33.08 |
-14:35:39.9 |
HIP 110518 |
27.67 |
| 2026-08-03 12:00 |
22:24:22.01 |
-14:36:46.5 |
HIP 110518 |
25.15 |
| 2026-08-04 00:00 |
22:24:10.86 |
-14:37:53.2 |
HIP 110518 |
22.71 |
| 2026-08-04 12:00 |
22:23:59.64 |
-14:39:00.1 |
HIP 110518 |
20.38 |
| 2026-08-05 00:00 |
22:23:48.35 |
-14:40:07.2 |
HIP 110518 |
18.22 |
| 2026-08-05 12:00 |
22:23:36.98 |
-14:41:14.5 |
HIP 110518 |
16.31 |
| 2026-08-06 00:00 |
22:23:25.54 |
-14:42:21.9 |
HIP 110518 |
14.74 |
| 2026-08-06 12:00 |
22:23:14.03 |
-14:43:29.5 |
HIP 110518 |
13.65 |
| 2026-08-07 00:00 |
22:23:02.46 |
-14:44:37.2 |
HIP 110518 |
13.17 |
| 2026-08-07 12:00 |
22:22:50.82 |
-14:45:45.0 |
HIP 110518 |
13.38 |
| 2026-08-08 00:00 |
22:22:39.11 |
-14:46:53.0 |
HIP 110518 |
14.25 |
| 2026-08-08 12:00 |
22:22:27.35 |
-14:48:01.1 |
HIP 110518 |
15.69 |
| 2026-08-09 00:00 |
22:22:15.52 |
-14:49:09.3 |
HIP 110518 |
17.57 |
| 2026-08-09 12:00 |
22:22:03.63 |
-14:50:17.5 |
HIP 110350 |
15.87 |
| 2026-08-10 00:00 |
22:21:51.68 |
-14:51:25.9 |
HIP 110350 |
12.78 |
| 2026-08-10 12:00 |
22:21:39.68 |
-14:52:34.3 |
HIP 110350 |
9.68 |
| 2026-08-11 00:00 |
22:21:27.63 |
-14:53:42.7 |
HIP 110350 |
6.58 |
| 2026-08-11 12:00 |
22:21:15.52 |
-14:54:51.2 |
HIP 110350 |
3.51 |
| 2026-08-12 00:00 |
22:21:03.36 |
-14:55:59.7 |
HIP 110350 |
1.04 |
| 2026-08-12 12:00 |
22:20:51.16 |
-14:57:08.2 |
HIP 110350 |
3.13 |
| 2026-08-13 00:00 |
22:20:38.90 |
-14:58:16.8 |
HIP 110350 |
6.21 |
| 2026-08-13 12:00 |
22:20:26.61 |
-14:59:25.3 |
HIP 110350 |
9.36 |
| 2026-08-14 00:00 |
22:20:14.27 |
-15:00:33.8 |
HIP 110350 |
12.54 |
| 2026-08-14 12:00 |
22:20:01.89 |
-15:01:42.2 |
HIP 110350 |
15.73 |
| 2026-08-15 00:00 |
22:19:49.47 |
-15:02:50.7 |
HIP 110350 |
18.93 |
| 2026-08-15 12:00 |
22:19:37.01 |
-15:03:59.0 |
HIP 110131 |
16.32 |
| 2026-08-16 00:00 |
22:19:24.52 |
-15:05:07.3 |
HIP 110131 |
13.69 |
| 2026-08-16 12:00 |
22:19:11.99 |
-15:06:15.5 |
HIP 110131 |
11.37 |
| 2026-08-17 00:00 |
22:18:59.44 |
-15:07:23.6 |
HIP 110131 |
9.58 |
| 2026-08-17 12:00 |
22:18:46.86 |
-15:08:31.6 |
HIP 110131 |
8.67 |
| 2026-08-18 00:00 |
22:18:34.24 |
-15:09:39.5 |
HIP 110131 |
8.92 |
| 2026-08-18 12:00 |
22:18:21.61 |
-15:10:47.3 |
HIP 110131 |
10.25 |
| 2026-08-19 00:00 |
22:18:08.95 |
-15:11:54.9 |
HIP 110131 |
12.31 |