P/2013 G1 (Kowalski)

메타데이터

항목 값
Designation P/2013 G1 (Kowalski)
Type P
Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) 2013-12-10T22:58:42.029760Z
Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) 2021-04-15T23:32:32Z
Obs used 261
NEO -
M1 13.400
K1 4.500
PC -
Osculating 궤도요소
항목 값
Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) 2014-01-10.0000000
e 0.51239143
q (au) 3.353098
a (au) 6.876619
i (deg) 5.468623
Ω (om, deg) 221.484075
ω (w, deg) 51.239859
M (ma, deg) 1.642021

밝기

P/2013 G1 (Kowalski) · Magnitude (Full range)

산란 + 전체 선형

$$ M_a = (16.051 + 2.000\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta $$ $$ \theta = 180^\circ - \alpha $$ $$ \Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b) $$ $$ \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1 $$

모델 상수

항목 값
H0 16.051
n 2.000
gf 0.999
gb -0.741
k 0.800
δ90 9.998
파라미터 기호 범위 설명
태양·지구거리 1 AU에서의 절대등급 H0 -5 to 20 혜성의 고유 밝기
광도 기울기 파라미터 n 2 to 6 태양거리 변화에 따른 밝기 변화율
전방 산란 비대칭 계수 gf 0.8 to 1 전방 산란의 강도
후방 산란 비대칭 계수 gb -1 to -0.5 후방 산란의 강도
분할 계수 k 0.8 to 1 전·후방 산란 기여도 비율
먼지/가스 밝기 비 δ90 1 to 10 코마에서 먼지 산란 대비 가스 방출의 상대 기여

참고: EPSC-DPS2025-160

잔차 (구간 선형)

$$\epsilon = a \log_{10} r_{\mathrm{au}} + b$$

시작일 (UTC) 끝 (UTC) a b
2014-06-30 2014-12-10 -34.5222 +19.594

log10 r = log10(태양거리/AU), Δ = 지구거리(AU)

찾아보기

P/2013 G1 (Kowalski) · Next 30 Days

천체력

Date/Time (UTC) RA (J2000) Dec (J2000) Nearest HIP Dist from HIP (arcmin)
2026-09-20 00:00 08:36:44.88 +13:21:12.4 HIP 42195 26.12
2026-09-20 12:00 08:36:55.55 +13:20:19.1 HIP 42195 27.82
2026-09-21 00:00 08:37:06.16 +13:19:25.8 HIP 42195 29.68
2026-09-21 12:00 08:37:16.71 +13:18:32.6 HIP 42373 27.72
2026-09-22 00:00 08:37:27.19 +13:17:39.5 HIP 42373 25.56
2026-09-22 12:00 08:37:37.60 +13:16:46.6 HIP 42373 23.52
2026-09-23 00:00 08:37:47.95 +13:15:53.8 HIP 42373 21.64
2026-09-23 12:00 08:37:58.23 +13:15:01.0 HIP 42373 19.94
2026-09-24 00:00 08:38:08.45 +13:14:08.4 HIP 42373 18.47
2026-09-24 12:00 08:38:18.59 +13:13:16.0 HIP 42373 17.28
2026-09-25 00:00 08:38:28.66 +13:12:23.6 HIP 42373 16.43
2026-09-25 12:00 08:38:38.67 +13:11:31.4 HIP 42373 15.96
2026-09-26 00:00 08:38:48.61 +13:10:39.3 HIP 42446 14.61
2026-09-26 12:00 08:38:58.47 +13:09:47.4 HIP 42446 12.87
2026-09-27 00:00 08:39:08.27 +13:08:55.5 HIP 42446 11.44
2026-09-27 12:00 08:39:17.99 +13:08:03.9 HIP 42446 10.44
2026-09-28 00:00 08:39:27.64 +13:07:12.3 HIP 42446 9.99
2026-09-28 12:00 08:39:37.22 +13:06:21.0 HIP 42446 10.15
2026-09-29 00:00 08:39:46.73 +13:05:29.7 HIP 42446 10.88
2026-09-29 12:00 08:39:56.16 +13:04:38.7 HIP 42446 12.06
2026-09-30 00:00 08:40:05.52 +13:03:47.7 HIP 42446 13.57
2026-09-30 12:00 08:40:14.81 +13:02:57.0 HIP 42446 15.31
2026-10-01 00:00 08:40:24.02 +13:02:06.4 HIP 42630 16.20
2026-10-01 12:00 08:40:33.15 +13:01:16.0 HIP 42630 15.10
2026-10-02 00:00 08:40:42.21 +13:00:25.7 HIP 42630 14.31
2026-10-02 12:00 08:40:51.19 +12:59:35.6 HIP 42630 13.89
2026-10-03 00:00 08:41:00.09 +12:58:45.7 HIP 42630 13.86
2026-10-03 12:00 08:41:08.92 +12:57:56.0 HIP 42630 14.22
2026-10-04 00:00 08:41:17.67 +12:57:06.4 HIP 42630 14.92
2026-10-04 12:00 08:41:26.33 +12:56:17.1 HIP 42630 15.92
2026-10-05 00:00 08:41:34.92 +12:55:27.9 HIP 42630 17.15
2026-10-05 12:00 08:41:43.43 +12:54:38.9 HIP 42630 18.56
2026-10-06 00:00 08:41:51.85 +12:53:50.2 HIP 42630 20.11
2026-10-06 12:00 08:42:00.20 +12:53:01.6 HIP 42795 21.39
2026-10-07 00:00 08:42:08.46 +12:52:13.3 HIP 42795 19.28
2026-10-07 12:00 08:42:16.64 +12:51:25.1 HIP 42795 17.21
2026-10-08 00:00 08:42:24.73 +12:50:37.2 HIP 42795 15.17
2026-10-08 12:00 08:42:32.75 +12:49:49.4 HIP 42795 13.18
2026-10-09 00:00 08:42:40.67 +12:49:02.0 HIP 42795 11.25
2026-10-09 12:00 08:42:48.51 +12:48:14.7 HIP 42795 9.40
2026-10-10 00:00 08:42:56.27 +12:47:27.6 HIP 42795 7.68
2026-10-10 12:00 08:43:03.94 +12:46:40.8 HIP 42795 6.18
2026-10-11 00:00 08:43:11.52 +12:45:54.3 HIP 42795 5.06